import copy
import logging

import torch
import torch.nn.functional as F
import transformers
from tqdm import tqdm
from transformers import BatchEncoding

from lm_eval.api.instance import Instance
from lm_eval.api.registry import register_model
from lm_eval.models.huggingface import HFLM
from lm_eval.models.utils import (
    Collator,
    flatten_image_list,
    handle_stop_sequences,
    replace_placeholders,
    resize_image,
)
from lm_eval.models.utils_hf import pad_and_concat, stop_sequences_criteria


DEFAULT_IMAGE_PLACEHOLDER = "<image>"


eval_logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


@register_model("hf-multimodal")
class HFMultimodalLM(HFLM):
    """
    An abstracted Hugging Face model class for multimodal LMs like Llava and Idefics.
    """

    AUTO_MODEL_CLASS = transformers.AutoModelForImageTextToText
    MULTIMODAL = True  # flag to indicate, for now, that this model type can run multimodal requests

    def __init__(
        self,
        pretrained: str | transformers.PreTrainedModel,
        image_token_id: int | None = None,
        image_string: str | None = None,
        interleave: bool = True,
        # TODO: handle whitespace in image placeholder (replacement)
        max_images: int | None = 999,
        convert_img_format=False,
        # For image resizing
        min_pixels: int | None = None,
        max_pixels: int | None = None,
        image_width: int | None = None,
        image_height: int | None = None,
        image_max_side: int | None = None,
        **kwargs,
    ):
        self.image_width = image_width
        self.image_height = image_height
        self.image_max_side = image_max_side
        if self.image_max_side and (self.image_width or self.image_height):
            raise ValueError(
                "Ambiguous config for image resize: you can not specify both "
                "image_max_side and (image_width or image_height)"
            )

        # init pixels before calling tokenizer creation to avoid errors
        self.pixels = ({"min_pixels": min_pixels} if min_pixels else {}) | (
            {"max_pixels": max_pixels} if max_pixels else {}
        )

        # We initialize using HFLM's init. Sub-methods like _create_model and _create_tokenizer
        # modify init behavior.
        super().__init__(pretrained, **kwargs)

        assert self.batch_size != "auto", (
            "Batch size 'auto' is not yet supported for hf-multimodal models."
        )
        self.chat_applied: bool = False
        # TODO: phi-3.5 "image placeholders" are <image_1>, <image_2>, ... in order. how to handle this case

        # HF AutoModelForVision2Seq models have an `image_token_id` value in their configs
        # denoting the token which indicates a location where an image will be substituted in.
        # This can take different string values across models, e.g. <image> for Idefics2 and <|image_pad|> for Qwen2-VL
        self.interleave = interleave
        self.max_images = max_images
        self.rgb = convert_img_format
        # WARNING: improperly set image_token_id can lead to ignored image input or other (potentially silent) errors!
        if not image_string:
            self.image_token_id = (
                int(image_token_id)
                if image_token_id
                else (
                    getattr(self.config, "image_token_id", None)
                    or getattr(self.config, "image_token_index", None)
                )
            )
            assert self.image_token_id is not None, (
                "Must have a non-None image_token_id to evaluate a Hugging Face AutoModelForVision2Seq model. Please pass `image_token_id` in `--model_args` if model's config does not already specify one."
            )
            # get the string this token ID corresponds to
            self.image_token = self.tok_decode(
                [self.image_token_id], skip_special_tokens=False
            )
            if image_token_id is not None:
                eval_logger.info(
                    f"A non-default image_token_id with image_token_id={self.image_token_id} and string value '{self.image_token}' was specified manually. Note that using an improper image_token placeholder may lead to ignored image input or errors!"
                )
        else:
            eval_logger.info(
                f"A non-default image_token string with string value image_string='{image_string}' was specified manually. Note that using an improper image_token placeholder may lead to ignored image input or errors!"
            )
            self.image_token = image_string

    def _create_tokenizer(
        self,
        pretrained: str | transformers.PreTrainedModel,
        tokenizer: str | transformers.ProcessorMixin | None,
        revision: str | None = "main",
        trust_remote_code: bool | None = False,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> None:
        """
        Helper method during initialization.

        For the multimodal variant, we initialize not just
        `self.tokenizer` but also `self.processor`.
        """

        if tokenizer:
            if isinstance(tokenizer, str):
                return transformers.AutoProcessor.from_pretrained(
                    tokenizer,
                    revision=revision,
                    trust_remote_code=trust_remote_code,
                    # use_fast=use_fast_tokenizer,
                )
            else:
                assert isinstance(
                    tokenizer, transformers.ProcessorMixin
                )  # TODO: check this condition
                return tokenizer

        # Get tokenizer based on 'pretrained'
        if isinstance(pretrained, str):
            model_name = pretrained
        else:
            # get the HF hub name via accessor on model
            model_name = self.model.name_or_path

        self.processor = transformers.AutoProcessor.from_pretrained(
            model_name,
            revision=revision,
            trust_remote_code=trust_remote_code,
            **self.pixels,
            # use_fast=use_fast_tokenizer,
        )

        self.tokenizer = self.processor.tokenizer

    def tok_multimodal_encode(
        self, string, images, left_truncate_len=None, add_special_tokens=None
    ):
        """Helper function which encodes an image + string combo using AutoProcessor"""
        # We inherit special token kwarg setup from HFLM.tok_encode
        # special_tokens_kwargs = {}

        # by default for CausalLM - false or self.add_bos_token is set
        # if add_special_tokens is None:
        #     special_tokens_kwargs = {"add_special_tokens": False or self.add_bos_token}
        # otherwise the method explicitly defines the value
        # else:
        #     special_tokens_kwargs = {"add_special_tokens": add_special_tokens}

        # encode text+images
        # TODO: why does (Qwen2-VL) processor error when attempting to add special tokens to text?
        encoding = self.processor(
            text=string, images=images, return_tensors=None
        )  # , **special_tokens_kwargs)

        # remove (and store) our tokenized text
        text_encoding = encoding.pop("input_ids")
        encoding.pop("attention_mask")

        # left-truncate the encoded context to be at most `left_truncate_len` tokens long
        if left_truncate_len:
            text_encoding = text_encoding[-left_truncate_len:]

        return text_encoding, encoding  # image_encoding is a dict

    def _encode_multimodal_pair(self, context, continuation, images):
        """Helper function to perform the role of TemplateLM._encode_pair
        Except allowing for image input to also be processed alongside `context`.

        This method is a bit messy due to the need to defer conversion of image and text token input
        into PyTorch tensors until the main inference loop.
        """

        n_spaces = len(context) - len(context.rstrip())
        if n_spaces > 0:
            continuation = context[-n_spaces:] + continuation
            context = context[:-n_spaces]

        # TODO: replace default <image> placeholder with self.image_token, for contexts

        whole_enc, image_enc = self.tok_multimodal_encode(
            context + continuation, images
        )
        context_enc, _ = self.tok_multimodal_encode(context, images)

        # tok_multimodal_encode returns List[List[int]] for tokenized text. Get rid of the batch dim
        # since we only are encoding a single string.
        # TODO: this is a bit hacky, it'd be nice to make this generally cleaner
        whole_enc, context_enc = whole_enc[0], context_enc[0]

        context_enc_len = len(context_enc)
        continuation_enc = whole_enc[context_enc_len:]

        return context_enc, continuation_enc, image_enc

    def apply_chat_template(
        self, chat_history: list[dict[str, str]], add_generation_prompt: bool = True
    ) -> str:
        self.chat_applied = True
        if not self.interleave:
            for content in chat_history:
                c = []
                text = content["content"]

                # Count and remove image placeholders
                image_count = min(
                    self.max_images, text.count(DEFAULT_IMAGE_PLACEHOLDER)
                )
                text = text.replace(DEFAULT_IMAGE_PLACEHOLDER, "")

                # Add image entries
                for _ in range(image_count):
                    c.append({"type": "image", "image": None})

                # Add single text entry at the end
                c.append({"type": "text", "text": text})

                content["content"] = c
        else:
            for content in chat_history:
                c = []
                text = content["content"]
                expected_image_count = min(
                    self.max_images, text.count(DEFAULT_IMAGE_PLACEHOLDER)
                )
                actual_image_count = 0

                text_parts = text.split(DEFAULT_IMAGE_PLACEHOLDER)

                for i, part in enumerate(text_parts):
                    # TODO: concatenate text parts (esp. if skipping images)?
                    if part:  # Add non-empty text parts
                        c.append({"type": "text", "text": part})
                    if (
                        (i < len(text_parts) - 1) and i < self.max_images
                    ):  # Add image placeholder after each split except the last
                        c.append({"type": "image"})
                        actual_image_count += 1

                content["content"] = c

                if actual_image_count != expected_image_count:
                    raise ValueError(
                        f"Mismatch in image placeholder count. Expected: {expected_image_count}, Actual: {actual_image_count}"
                    )

        return self.processor.apply_chat_template(
            chat_history,
            add_generation_prompt=add_generation_prompt,
            continue_final_message=not add_generation_prompt,
        )

    def chat_template(self, chat_template: bool | str = False) -> str | None:
        if hasattr(self.processor, "apply_chat_template"):
            _tokenizer = self.tokenizer
            self.tokenizer = self.processor

            selected_template = super().chat_template(chat_template)

            self.tokenizer = _tokenizer
            return selected_template
        else:
            return super().chat_template(chat_template)

    def tok_batch_multimodal_encode(
        self,
        strings: list[str],  # note that input signature of this fn is different
        images: list[list],  # TODO: images are pil.Image at the moment, update typehint
        padding_side: str = "left",
        left_truncate_len: int = None,
        truncation: bool = False,
    ) -> (
        BatchEncoding | dict[str, torch.Tensor]
    ):  # note that this return signature differs from HFLM tok_batch_encode.
        # NOTE: here, we replace <image> tags with our model's corresponding image_token string value.
        if not self.chat_applied:
            # TODO<baber>: This still keeps the whitespace in the image placeholder, which is not ideal.
            strings = [
                replace_placeholders(
                    string, DEFAULT_IMAGE_PLACEHOLDER, self.image_token, self.max_images
                )
                for string in strings
            ]

        # encode a batch of strings. converts to tensors and pads automatically, unlike tok_encode.
        old_padding_side = self.tokenizer.padding_side
        self.tokenizer.padding_side = padding_side

        # add_special_tokens = {"add_special_tokens": False or self.add_bos_token}

        images = [img[: self.max_images] for img in images]
        if self.rgb:
            images = [[img.convert("RGB") for img in sublist] for sublist in images]

        # certain models like llava expect a single-level image list even for bs>1, multi-image. TODO: port this over to loglikelihoods
        if getattr(self.config, "model_type", "") == "llava":
            images = flatten_image_list(images)

        encoding = self.processor(
            images=images,
            text=strings,
            truncation=truncation,
            padding="longest",
            return_tensors="pt",
            # **add_special_tokens, # TODO: at least some Processors error out when passing this. How do we control whether text gets BOS added?
        )

        encoding.to(  # TODO: our other tokenization methods in HFLM don't typically move to device. this breaks convention
            self.device, self.model.dtype
        )  # TODO: This only casts the pixel values. Should they always be float16?
        if left_truncate_len:
            encoding["input_ids"] = encoding["input_ids"][:, -left_truncate_len:]
            encoding["attention_mask"] = encoding["attention_mask"][
                :, -left_truncate_len:
            ]
        self.tokenizer.padding_side = old_padding_side

        return encoding

    def _model_multimodal_call(self, inps, imgs, attn_mask=None, labels=None):
        """
        TODO: update docstring
        """
        # note: imgs is a dict.
        with torch.no_grad():
            return self.model(inps, **imgs).logits

    def _model_multimodal_generate(self, inputs, max_length, stop, **generation_kwargs):
        generation_kwargs["temperature"] = generation_kwargs.get("temperature", 0.0)
        do_sample = generation_kwargs.get("do_sample")

        # The temperature has to be a strictly positive float -- if it is 0.0, use greedy decoding strategies
        if generation_kwargs.get("temperature") == 0.0 and do_sample is None:
            generation_kwargs["do_sample"] = do_sample = False

        if do_sample is False and generation_kwargs.get("temperature") == 0.0:
            generation_kwargs.pop("temperature")

        stopping_criteria = stop_sequences_criteria(
            self.tokenizer,
            stop,
            inputs["input_ids"].shape[1],
            inputs["input_ids"].shape[0],
        )
        return self.model.generate(
            **inputs,
            max_length=max_length,
            stopping_criteria=stopping_criteria,
            pad_token_id=self.tokenizer.pad_token_id,
            use_cache=True,
            **generation_kwargs,
        )

    def _batch_images(self, image_encs):
        """
        Helper function: batch together image encodings across examples in a batch.
        # TODO: for variable-sized images, this may break down.
        """
        batched_imgs = {}
        for key in image_encs[0].keys():
            batched_imgs[key] = torch.cat(
                [
                    torch.tensor(
                        image_enc[key], device=self.device, dtype=self.model.dtype
                    )
                    for image_enc in image_encs
                ],
                dim=0,
            )
        return batched_imgs

    def loglikelihood_rolling(self, requests: list[Instance]) -> list[float]:
        if requests and len(requests[0].args) < 3:
            # Fall back to non-multimodal generation.
            return super().loglikelihood_rolling(requests=requests)
        raise NotImplementedError(
            "model type `hf-multimodal` does not support loglikelihood_rolling. Use 'hf' model type for text-only loglikelihood_rolling tasks ",
            "this is because we do not support measuring the loglikelihood a model assigns to an image.",
        )

    def loglikelihood(
        self, requests: list[Instance], disable_tqdm: bool = False
    ) -> list[tuple[float, bool]]:
        if requests and len(requests[0].args) < 3:
            # Fall back to non-multimodal generation.
            return super().loglikelihood(requests=requests, disable_tqdm=disable_tqdm)
        raise NotImplementedError(
            "'loglikelihood' requests for model type `hf-multimodal` are not yet tested. This feature will be enabled when a loglikelihood-based multiple-choice VQA dataset is added!"
        )

        new_reqs = []
        for context, continuation, aux_arguments in [req.args for req in requests]:
            if context == "":
                raise ValueError(
                    "Must get non-empty context for multimodal requests! You might be trying to run 'loglikelihood_rolling', which is not supported in the multimodal case."
                )
            else:
                visuals = aux_arguments["visual"]

                context_enc, continuation_enc, image_enc = self._encode_multimodal_pair(
                    context, continuation, visuals
                )
            # TODO: key to pick for caching images
            new_reqs.append(
                (
                    (context, continuation, visuals),
                    context_enc,
                    continuation_enc,
                    image_enc,
                )
            )

        return self._multimodal_loglikelihood_tokens(
            new_reqs, disable_tqdm=disable_tqdm
        )

    def _multimodal_loglikelihood_tokens(
        self,
        requests: list[
            tuple[tuple[None, str, str], list[int], list[int], list[int]]
        ],  # TODO: update typehint to be correct
        disable_tqdm: bool = False,
        override_bs: int = None,
    ) -> list[tuple[float, bool]]:
        res = []

        # TODO: **improve multimodal collation.** We currently ignore image size when ordering docs. ideally we'd take them into account
        def _collate(req: tuple[tuple[str, str], list[int], list[int]]):
            """Defines the key for the sorted method"""
            # the negative sign on len(toks) sorts descending - this has a few advantages:
            # - time estimates will always be over not underestimates, which is more useful for planning
            # - to know the size of a batch when going through the list, you know the first one is always the batch
            #   padded context length. this is useful to simplify the batching logic and more importantly to make
            #   automatic adaptive batches much much easier to implement
            # - any OOMs will happen right away rather than near the end
            toks = req[1] + req[2]
            return -len(toks), tuple(toks)

        def _lookup_one_token_cont(req: tuple[tuple[str, str], list[int], list[int]]):
            """Defines the key to group and lookup one-token continuations"""
            # Use with group_by="contexts" (optional)"
            # allows for the creation of a lookup, so we can reuse logits in case of one-token continuations.
            # speeds up some multiple-choice tasks proportionally to the number of choices.
            # groups requests by context+continuation[:-1] and infer on one request/group.
            return req[-1] + req[-3] + req[-2][:-1]

        re_ord = Collator(
            requests,
            sort_fn=_collate,
            group_by="contexts"  # TODO: can't group-by just "contexts" any more, need to incorporate imgs
            if self.AUTO_MODEL_CLASS == transformers.AutoModelForCausalLM  # noqa: SIM300
            and self.logits_cache
            else None,
            group_fn=_lookup_one_token_cont,
        )

        # automatic (variable) batch size detection for vectorization
        # pull longest context sample from request
        n_reordered_requests = len(re_ord)
        batch_size = (
            self.batch_size
            if self.batch_size != "auto"
            else override_bs
            if override_bs is not None
            else 0
        )
        batch_fn = (
            self._batch_scheduler
            if self.batch_size == "auto"
            and n_reordered_requests > 0
            and not override_bs
            else None
        )

        chunks = re_ord.get_batched(n=batch_size, batch_fn=batch_fn)
        pbar = tqdm(
            total=len(requests),
            disable=(disable_tqdm or (self.rank != 0)),
            desc="Running loglikelihood requests with text+image input",
        )
        for chunk in chunks:
            imgs = []
            inps = []
            cont_toks_list = []
            inplens = []

            padding_len_inp = None
            # because vectorizing is annoying, we first convert each (context, continuation) pair to padded
            # tensors, then we pack them together into a batch, call the model, and then pick it all apart
            # again because vectorizing is annoying

            for _, context_enc, continuation_enc, image_enc in chunk:
                # sanity check
                assert len(image_enc) > 0
                assert len(context_enc) > 0
                assert len(continuation_enc) > 0
                assert len(continuation_enc) <= self.max_length

                # how this all works (illustrated on a causal decoder-only setup):
                #          CTX      CONT
                # inp    0 1 2 3|4 5 6 7 8 9   <- last token is deleted by inp[:, :-1]
                # model  \               \
                # logits   1 2 3|4 5 6 7 8 9   <- the ctx half gets tossed out by the
                # cont_toks      4 5 6 7 8 9      [:, -len(continuation_enc):, :self.vocab_size] slice

                # when too long to fit in context, truncate from the left
                # TODO: assuming that we won't handle enc-dec Vision2Seq models. Is that a safe assumption?
                inp = torch.tensor(
                    (context_enc + continuation_enc)[-(self.max_length + 1) :][:-1],
                    dtype=torch.long,
                    device=self.device,
                )
                (inplen,) = inp.shape

                padding_len_inp = (
                    max(padding_len_inp, inplen)
                    if padding_len_inp is not None
                    else inplen
                )

                inps.append(inp)  # [1, inp_length]
                cont_toks_list.append(continuation_enc)
                inplens.append(inplen)

                imgs.append(image_enc)

            # create encoder attn mask and batched conts, if seq2seq
            call_kwargs = {}
            batched_inps = pad_and_concat(
                padding_len_inp, inps, padding_side="right"
            )  # [batch, padding_len_inp]
            # batch our examples' image inputs together
            batched_imgs = self._batch_images(
                imgs
            )  # TODO: fix/test for bs>1 case with differently-sized imgs!

            multi_logits = F.log_softmax(
                self._model_multimodal_call(batched_inps, batched_imgs, **call_kwargs),
                dim=-1,
            )  # [batch, padding_length (inp or cont), vocab]

            for (
                request_str,
                ctx_tokens,
                _,
                _image_encs,
            ), logits, inplen, cont_toks in zip(
                chunk, multi_logits, inplens, cont_toks_list, strict=False
            ):
                # Slice to original seq length
                contlen = len(cont_toks)
                # take only logits in the continuation
                # (discard context toks if decoder-only ; discard right-padding)
                # also discards + checks for "virtual tokens" in the causal LM's input window
                # from prompt/prefix tuning tokens, if applicable
                ctx_len = (
                    inplen + (logits.shape[0] - padding_len_inp)
                    if self.AUTO_MODEL_CLASS == transformers.AutoModelForCausalLM  # noqa: SIM300
                    else None
                )
                logits = self._select_cont_toks(logits, contlen=contlen, inplen=ctx_len)
                logits = logits.unsqueeze(0)  # [1, seq, vocab]

                # Check if per-token argmax is exactly equal to continuation
                greedy_tokens = logits.argmax(dim=-1)

                # check for one-token continuation cache hits.
                # noop in case group_by != "contexts" or no cache hit and returns the
                # original args. Otherwise, expands the logits batch dimension and yields each
                # batch along with matching continuation tokens and prompt strings.
                # logits -> [1, seq, vocab]
                for _request_str, _cont_toks, _logits in re_ord.get_cache(
                    req_str=request_str,
                    cxt_toks=ctx_tokens,
                    cont_toks=cont_toks,
                    logits=logits,
                ):
                    _cont_toks = torch.tensor(
                        _cont_toks, dtype=torch.long, device=self.device
                    ).unsqueeze(0)  # [1, seq]
                    max_equal = (greedy_tokens == _cont_toks).all()

                    # Obtain log-probs at the corresponding continuation token indices
                    # last_token_slice = logits[:, -1, :].squeeze(0).tolist()
                    _logits = torch.gather(
                        _logits, 2, _cont_toks.unsqueeze(-1)
                    ).squeeze(-1)  # [1, seq]

                    # Answer: (log prob, is-exact-match)
                    answer = (float(_logits.sum()), bool(max_equal))

                    res.append(answer)

                    self.cache_hook.add_partial(
                        "loglikelihood", _request_str, answer
                    )  # TODO: choose convention for adding images into the cache key
                    pbar.update(1)

        pbar.close()

        return re_ord.get_original(res)

    def generate_until(
        self, requests: list[Instance], disable_tqdm: bool = False
    ) -> list[str]:
        if requests and len(requests[0].args) < 3:
            # Fall back to non-multimodal generation.
            return super().generate_until(requests=requests, disable_tqdm=disable_tqdm)

        res = []

        def _collate(x):
            # the negative sign on len(toks) sorts descending - this has a few advantages:
            # - time estimates will always be over not underestimates, which is more useful for planning
            # - to know the size of a batch when going through the list, you know the first one is always the batch
            #   padded context length. this is useful to simplify the batching logic and more importantly to make
            #   automatic adaptive batches much much easier to implement
            # - any OOMs will happen right away rather than near the end
            toks = self.tok_encode(x[0])
            return -len(toks), x[0]

        pbar = tqdm(
            total=len(requests),
            disable=(disable_tqdm or (self.rank != 0)),
            desc="Running generate_until requests with text+image input",
        )
        # TODO: port auto-batch sizing into this.

        # we group requests by their generation_kwargs,
        # so that we don't try to execute e.g. greedy sampling and temp=0.8 sampling
        # in the same batch.
        re_ords = Collator(
            [reg.args for reg in requests],
            _collate,
            group_by="gen_kwargs",
            group_fn=lambda x: x[1],
        )
        chunks = re_ords.get_batched(n=self.batch_size, batch_fn=None)

        ### Up to here: was identical to non-multimodal HFLM generate_until ###
        eos = self.tok_decode(self.eot_token_id, skip_special_tokens=False)
        for chunk in chunks:
            contexts, all_gen_kwargs, aux_arguments = zip(*chunk, strict=False)

            visuals = [
                [
                    resize_image(
                        img, self.image_width, self.image_height, self.image_max_side
                    )
                    for img in arg["visual"]
                ]
                for arg in aux_arguments
            ]

            if not isinstance(contexts, list):
                contexts = list(
                    contexts
                )  # for Qwen2-VL, processor is unhappy accepting a tuple of strings instead of a list.
                # TODO: could we upstream this workaround to HF?
            ### this part onward: same as HFLM ###

            # we assume all gen kwargs in the batch are the same
            # this is safe to assume because the `grouper` object ensures it.
            gen_kwargs = all_gen_kwargs[0]
            # unpack our keyword arguments.
            if isinstance(gen_kwargs, dict):
                kwargs = copy.deepcopy(gen_kwargs)  # edge case for repeats > 1
                # add EOS token to stop sequences
                until = handle_stop_sequences(kwargs.pop("until", None), eos=eos)
            else:
                raise ValueError(
                    f"Expected `kwargs` to be of type `dict` but got {type(gen_kwargs)}"
                )
            if "max_gen_toks" in kwargs.keys():
                max_gen_toks = kwargs.pop("max_gen_toks")
            else:
                max_gen_toks = self.max_gen_toks

            ### end stuff that's entirely copied verbatim from HFLM ###

            max_ctx_len = self.max_length - max_gen_toks

            inputs = self.tok_batch_multimodal_encode(
                contexts,
                visuals,
                left_truncate_len=max_ctx_len,
                truncation=self.truncation,
            )

            context_enc = inputs["input_ids"]

            if "max_length" not in kwargs:
                kwargs["max_length"] = context_enc.shape[1] + max_gen_toks

            cont = self._model_multimodal_generate(inputs, stop=until, **kwargs)

            del inputs
            torch.cuda.empty_cache()
            import gc

            gc.collect()

            ### essentially same as HFLM beyond this line!

            cont_toks_list = cont.tolist()
            for cont_toks, context in zip(cont_toks_list, contexts, strict=False):
                # discard context + left-padding toks if using causal decoder-only VLM
                cont_toks = cont_toks[context_enc.shape[1] :]

                s = self.tok_decode(cont_toks)

                # use secondary stop seqs to cut off should-have-been-stopped content post-hoc
                for term in until:
                    if len(term) > 0:
                        # ignore '' separator,
                        # for seq2seq case where self.tok_decode(self.eot_token_id) = ''
                        s = s.split(term)[0]

                res.append(s)
                self.cache_hook.add_partial(
                    "generate_until", (context, gen_kwargs), s
                )  # TODO: cache key for multimodal input should be what?
                pbar.update(1)
        # reorder this group of results back to original unsorted form
        res = re_ords.get_original(res)

        pbar.close()
        return res